Behavior of the nosocomial infections in an intensive care unit
Keywords:
nosocomial infections, behaviour, germsAbstract
Introduction: Nosocomial infections in intensive care units is not a new issue, but it is of growing concern worldwide and especially at present times.
Objective: To describe the behavior of nosocomial infections in an intensive care unit.
Methods: A descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study was carried out in the Intensive Care Unit at “Manuel Ascunce Domenech” University Provincial Hospital, in Camagüey, from 2017 to 2019. The sample was represented by 214 patients. Variables such as age, sex, diagnosis on admission, associated comorbidities, risk factors, location of the nosocomial infection, hospital stay, isolated germs, group of antibiotics used in the initial treatment and the status at discharge were analyzed. The SPSS 19.0 statistical program was used for data processing and descriptive statistics for the analysis of the variables.
Results: The male sex and the age group of 61 and 75 years predominated. Sepsis and septic shock were the main diagnoses on admission, followed by cerebrovascular diseases and major abdominal surgeries. Among the major comorbidities were arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The most common locations of infections were in the lung and urinary tract. The isolates were mostly from Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter gergoveae and E. coli. There was a low percentage of deaths.
Conclusions: Nosocomial infections predominated in males and in the age group older than 60 years. Sepsis and septic shock were the main reason for admission, almost always based on nosocomial pneumonia as the most frequent site of infection. The main comorbidity was arterial hypertension. Invasive procedures and prolonged hospital stay prevailed as risk factors. The germ that was most isolated was Acinetobacter baumannii.
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