Evaluación de insuficiencia renal aguda según los criterios “RIFLE” en pacientes ingresados en terapia intensiva. Evaluation of acute renal failure according to the "RIFLE" approaches in patients admitted in intensive care unit

Amaury Núñez Betancourt

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Resumen

Introducción: La insuficiencia renal aguda (IRA) es un síndrome multifactorial de etiología variada e incidencia que difiere según países y poblaciones de estudio. Puede manifestarse como fenómeno aislado o como parte de un síndrome complejo que afecta a varios órganos.

Objetivo: Evaluar según los  criterios “RIFLE” la insuficiencia renal aguda en los pacientes ingresados en terapia intensiva.

Método: Estudio observacional de corte transversal de los pacientes ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos UCI3 del Hospital General Docente Abel Santamaría Cuadrado en el período de un año. La principal variable fue la Insuficiencia renal según los criterios RIFLE. Se utilizó la prueba de Chi cuadrado para variables cualitativas y la prueba t de Student para variables cuantitativas.

Resultados: El 46.9 % del total de los pacientes ingresados presentaron una insuficiencia renal aguda. Hubo predominio de la IRA en los pacientes cuya causa de ingreso fue quirúrgica con un 59.1 %, siendo la oliguria su principal forma de presentación. La edad y la disfunción cardiaca fueron los factores de riesgo más frecuentes con 63.8 % y 49.1 respectivamente y la sepsis como el factor precipitante mayor.

Conclusiones: Los criterios RIFLE muestran una alta sensibilidad y ser una importante herramienta predictora en pacientes críticos con insuficiencia renal aguda.

Abstract

Introduction: The acute renal failure (ARF) is a syndrome of multiple factories of varied cause and incidence that differs according to countries and study populations. It could show as isolated phenomenon or as part of a complex syndrome that affects several organs.

Objective: To evaluate according to the "RIFLE" approaches the acute renal failure in the admitted patients in intensive care unit.

Method: Observational study of transversal court of patients admitted in the intensive care unit UCI3 of the General Educational Hospital “Abel Santamaria Cuadrado” in the period of a year. The main variable was the renal failure according to the RIFLE approaches. It was used the square Chi test for qualitative variables and the t Student test for quantitative variables.

Results: The 46.9% of the total patients admitted presented an acute renal failure. There was prevalence of ARF in the patients which cause of admission was surgical with a 59.1%, being the oliguric its main presentation form. The age and the heart dysfunction were the more frequent risk factors with 63.8% and 49.1 respectively, and the sepsis as the greater precipitate factor.

Conclusions: The RIFLE approaches show a high sensibility and they are an important predict tool in critical patients with acute renal failure.

Palabras clave

insuficiencia renal aguda, clasificación RIFLE, terapia intensiva, pronóstico / acute renal failure, classification RIFLE, intensive care, prognosis

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